World Presidents and Prime Ministers 2014

List of World Presidents & Prime Ministers
2014
World Presidents and Prime Ministers 2014
● Afghanistan : President - Hamid Karzai; Capital
- Kabul.
● Algeria : President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika;
Prime Minister - Ahmed Ouyahia; Capital-Algiers.
● Argentina : President- Ms. Cristina Fernandez
de Kirchner; Capital- Buenos Aires.
● Australia : Governor-General- Ms. Quentin
Bryce; Prime Minister - Kevin Rudd; Capital
(Federal)- Canberra.
● Austria : President- Heinz Fischer; Chancellor-
Werner Faymann, Capital- Vienna.
● Bahrain : King - Hamad ibn al-Khalifah; Prime
Minister - Sheikh Khalifah Sulman al-Khalifah;
Capital- Manama.
● Bangladesh : President - Abdul Hamid; Prime
Minister - Ms. Sheikh Hasina; Capital- Dhaka.
● Belarus : President- Alexander Lukashenko;
Prime Minister - Mikhail Myasnikovich; Capital-
Minsk.
● Belgium : King - Albert II; Prime Minister-
Herman Van Rompuy; Capital- Brussels.
● Bhutan : King - Jigme Khesar Namgyel
Wangchuk; Prime Minister-Tshering Tobgay;
Capital – Thimphu
● Bolivia : President- Evo Morales; Capital – La
Paz.
● Brazil : President- Ms. Dilma Rousseff; Capital
- Brasilia.
● Bulgaria : President - Georgi Purvanov; Prime
Minister - Boyko Borisov; Capital-Sofia.
● Burkina Faso : President – Blaise Compaore;
Prime Minister – Luc-Adolphe-Tiao; Capital-
Ouagadougou.
● Cambodia : King - Norodom Sihamoni; Prime
Minister - Hun Sen; Capital – Phnom Penh.
● Canada : Governor-General- David Lloyd
Johnston; Prime Minister - Stephen Harper;
Capital- Ottawa.
● Chile : President - Ms. Sebastian Pinera;
Capital - Santiago.
● China : President- Xi Jinping; Prime Minister-Li
Keqiang; Capital- Beijing.
● Colombia : President- Juan Manuel Santos;
Capital - Bogota.
● Croatia : President - Stjepan Mesic; Prime
Minister -Dr. Ivo Sanader; Capital-Zagreb.
● Cuba : President- Raul Castro; Capital -Havana.
● Czech Republic : President- Milos Zeman;
Prime Minister -Petr Necas; Capital-Prague.
● Denmark : Queen - Margrethe II; Prime
Minister- Ms. Helle Thorning-Schmidt; Capital -
Copenhagen.
● Ecuador : President- Rafael Correa; Capital-
Quito.
● Egypt : President - Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
(Acting); Capital-Cairo.
● Finland : President - Ms. Tarja Halonen; Prime
Minister - Matti Vanhanen; Capital-Helsinki.
● France : President- Francois Hollande; Prime
Minister - Jean-Marc Ayrault; Capital- Paris.
● Germany : President - Joachim Gruck;
Chancellor - Ms. Angela Merkel; Capital-Berlin.
● Guyana : President - Bharrat Jagdeo; Prime
Minister - Samuel Hinds; Capital- Georgetown.
● Greece : President – Karolos Papoulias; Prime
Minister – Antonis Samaras; Capital - Athens.
● Hungary : President- Janos Ader; Prime
Minister - Viktor Orban; Capital- Budapest.
● Indonesia : President - Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono; Capital- Jakarta.
● Iran : President - Mr. Hassan Rouhani; Capital-
Teheran.
● Iraq : President -Jalai Talabani; Prime Minister
- Nouri al-Maliki, Capital- Baghdad.
● Ireland : President- Michael D. Higgins; Prime
Minister - Enda Kenny, Capital- Dublin.
● Israel : President - Shimon Peres; Prime
Minister - Benjamin Netanyahu; Capital-
Jerusalem.
● Italy : President - Georgio Napolitano; Prime
Minister- Enrico Letta (Premier-designate);
Capital- Rome.
● Japan : Emperor- Akihito; Prime Minister :
Shinzo Abe; Capital- Tokyo.
● Jordan : King - Abdullah II; Prime Minister-
Nader al-Dahabi; Capital- Amman.
● Kazakhstan : President - Nursultan A.
Nazarbayev; Prime Minister – Serik Akhmetov;
Capital- Astana.
● Kenya : President - Uhuru Kenyatta; Capital -
Nairobi.
● Korea, North : President – Kim Jong-un;
Capital- Pyongyang.
● Korea, South : President- Park Geun-hye;
Prime Minister - Kim Hwang-sik; Capital - Seoul.
● Kuwait : Emir - Sheikh Sabah ai-Ahmad al-
Sabah; Capital - Kuwait.
● Kyrgyzstan : President – Nursultan Kurmanbek
Bakiyey; Prime Minister - Daniyar Usenov Capital
- Bishkek.
● Lebanon : President – Michel Suleiman; Prime
Minister - Najib Mikati, Capital - Beirut.
● Madagascar : President - Andy Rajoelina;
Prime Minister - Eugene Mangalaza; Capital-
Antananarivo.
● Malaysia : King - Sultan Abdul Halim; Prime
Minister- Najib Tun Razak; Capital-Kuala Lumpur.
● Maldives : President - Mohammed Waheed
Hassan Manik; Capital - Male.
● Mauritius : President - Mr. Rajkeshwur Purryag;
Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam; Capital - Port
Louis.
● Mexico : President – Enrique Pena Nieto;
Capital – Mexico City.
● Mongolia : President - Nambaryn Enkhbayar;
Prime Minister - Sukhbaatar Batblod; Capital -
Ulan Bator.
● Montenegro : President - Filip Vujanovic; Prime
Minister-Milo Dukanovic; Capital – Podgorica
● Morocco : King - Mohammed VI; Prime Minister
- Abbas El Fassi; Capital - Rabat.
● Myanmar (Burma) : Head of Govt. : Gen. Than
Shwe; Capital - Nyapidaw.
● Nepal : President - Dr. Ram Baran Yadav;
Prime Minister – Khil Raj Regmi; Capital -
Kathmandu.
● Netherlands : Queen - Beatrix; Capital-
Amsterdam.
● New Zealand : Governor-General – Jerry
Mateparae; Prime Minister - John Key; Capital-
Wellington.
● Nigeria : President - Goodluck Jonathan;
Capital - Abuja.
● Norway : King - Harald V; Prime Minister –
Jens Stoltenberg; Capital - Oslo.
● Pakistan : President - Mr. Mamnoon Hussain;
Prime Minister - Navas Shareef; Capital -
Islamabad.
● Panama : President - Ricardo Martenelli;
Capital - Panama City.
● Paraguay : President - Fernando Lugo; Capital
– Asuncion
● Peru : President - Alan Garcia; Prime Minister -
Javier Velasquez; Capital- Lima.
● Philippines : President - Benigno S. Aquino III-
Arroyo; Capital - Manila.
● Poland : President - Lech Kaczynski; Prime
Minister- Donald Tusk; Capital- Warsaw.
● Portugal : President - Amibal Cavaco Silva;
Prime Minister -Pedro Passos Coelho; Capital-
Lisbon.
● Romania : President - Traian Basescu; Capital -
Bucharest.
● Russia : President - Vladimir Putin; Prime
Minister - Dmitry Medvedev; Capital - Moscow.
● Rwanda : President - Paul Kagame; Prime
Minister - Bernard Makuza; Capital -Kigali.
● Saudi Arabia : King - Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al
Saud; Capital- Riyadh.
● Serbia : President - Boris Tadic; Prime Minister
- Mirko Cvetkovic; Capital - Belgrade.
● Singapore : President - S. R. Nathan; Prime
Minister - Lee Hsien Loong; Capital - Singapore.
● Slovakia : President - Ivan Gasparovic; Prime
Minister - Robert Fico; Capital-Bratislava.
● South Africa : President- Jacob Zuma; Capital-
Cape Town (Legislative) and Tshwane (Formerly
Pretoria) (Administrative).
● Spain : King - Juan Carlos I; Prime Minister-
Mariano Rajoy; Capital -Madrid.
● Sri Lanka : President - Mahinda Rajapaksa;
Prime Minister - D.M. Jayaratne; Capital- Sri
Jayewardenepura Kotte (Colombo).
● South Sudan : President - Salva Kiir Mayardit;
Capital - Juba.
● Sudan : President - Omar Hassan Ahmad al-
Bashir; Capital - Khartoum.
● Sweden : King - Carl XVI Gustaf; Prime
Minister – Fredrik Reinfeldt; Capital - Stockholm.
● Switzerland : President - Ms. Eveline Widmer-
Schlumpf; Capital – Berne
● Syria : President - Bashar Al-Assad; Prime
Minister - Muhammad Naji al-Otari; Capital-
Damascus.
● Taiwan : President - Ma Ying-jeou; Prime
Minister -Wu Den-yih; Capital – Taipei.
● Thailand : King- Bhumibol Adulyadej; Prime
Minister -Yingluck Shinawatra; Capital –
Bangkok.
● Turkey : President - Abdullah Gul; Prime
Minister - Recep Tayyip Erdogan; Capital-
Ankara.
● Ukraine : President - Victor Yushchenko; Prime
Minister- Mykola Azarov; Capital- Kiev.
● United Arab Emirates : Prime Minister- Sheikh
Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum; Capital- Abu
Dhabi.
● United Kingdom : Queen - Elizabeth II; Prime
Minister - David Cameron; Capital - London.
● United States of America : President – Barack
Obama; Secretary of State -John Kerry; Capital-
Washington, D.C.
● Uzbekistan : President - Islam A. Karimov;
Prime Minister - Shavkat Mirziyayev; Capital-
Tashkent.
● Venezuela : President - Nicolas Maduro;
Capital - Caracas.
● Vietnam : President - Nguyen Minh Triet;
Prime Minister - Nguyen Tan Dung; Capital-
Hanoi.
● Zimbabwe : President - Robert G. Mugabe;
Prime Minister - Morgan Tsvangirai; Capital-
Harare.

महाराष्ट्र पोलीस भरती 2015-16-

🇨🇷

महाराष्ट्र पोलीस भरती 2015-16-

पोलीस भरती ऑनलाईन फॉर्म दि.10
Jan- 2015
असुन शेवटची तारीख 5-feb- 2015
आहे, तसेच बँकेत
चलान भरण्याची तारीख 6 - feb-2015आणि
ट्राझिस्टन आय
डी भरण्याची शेवटची तारीख
10 -feb- 2015 आहे.
9615 जागेचे जिल्हावारी विवरण
खालीलप्रमाणे_____
मुंबई -3200,
पुणे - 1400,
रायगड -1350,
सातारा - 430,
सांगली - 250,
ठाणे शहर -470,
ठाणे ग्रामीण -220,
नवी मुंबई -450 ,
गडचिरोली -700,
नागपूर -350,
रत्नागिरी -315,cu
हिंगोली -150 ,
बीड - 180
आपल्या गावातील, जिल्ह्यातील व इतर ग्रुप वर सर्वांना माहिती होण्यासाठी शेअर करा..

कैसे जलाये रखें अपने अन्दर की चिंगारी को ?

How to keep your spark alive ?

  कैसे जलाये रखें अपने अन्दर की चिंगारी को ?

Good Morning everyone ,  मुझे  यहाँ  बोलने  का  मौका   देने  के  लिए  आप  सभी  का  धन्यवाद . ये  दिन  आपके  बारे  में  है . आप , जो  कि  अपने  घर  के  आराम ( और  कुछ  cases में  दिक्कतों ) को  छोड़  के  इस  college में  आए  हैं  ताकि  ज़िन्दगी  में  आप  कुछ  बन  सकें . मैं  sure हूँ  कि  आप  excited हैं . ज़िन्दगी  में  ऐसे  कुछ  ही  दिन  होते  हैं  जब  इंसान  सच -मुच बहुत  खुश  होता  है . College का  पहला  दिन  उन्ही  में  से  एक  है .जब   आज   आप   तैयार  हो  रहे  थे , आपके  पेट  में  हलचल सी हुई होगी . Auditorium कैसा  होगा , teachers कैसे  होंगे , मेरे  नए  classmates कौन  होंगे —इतना  कुछ  है  curious होने  के  लिए . . मैं  इसे  excitement कहता  हूँ , आपके  अन्दर  कि  चिंगारी  (spark) जो  आपको  एकदम  जिंदादिल  feel कराती  है . आज  मैं  आपसे  इस  चिंगारी  को  जलाये  रखने  के  बारे  में  बात  करने  आया  हूँ . या  दुसरे  शब्दों  में  हम  अगर  हमेशा  नहीं  तो   ज्यादा  से  ज्यादा  समय  कैसे  खुश  रह  सकते  हैं ?

इस  चिंगारी  कि  शुरआत कहाँ  से  होती  है ? मुझे  लगता  है  हम  इसके  साथ  पैदा  होते  हैं .  मेरे   3 साल  के  जुड़वाँ  बच्चों  में  million sparks हैं . वो  Spiderman का  एक  छोटा  सा  खिलौना  देख  के  बिस्तर  से  कूद  पड़ते  हैं .  Park में  झूला  झूल  के  वो  thrilled हो  जाते  हैं . पापा  से  एक  कहानी  सुनके  उनमे  उत्तेजना  भर  जाती  है . अपना  Birthday आने  के  महीनो  पहले  से  वो  उलटी  गिनती  करना  शुरू   कर  देते  हैं  कि  उस  दिन  cake काटने  को  मिलेगा .

मैं  आप  जैसे  students को  देखता  हूँ  और  मुझे  आपके  अन्दर   भी  कुछ  spark नज़र  आता  है . पर  जब  मैं  और  बड़े  लोगों  को  देखता  हूँ  तो  वो  मुश्किल  से  ही  नज़र  आता  है . इसका  मतलब  , जैसे -जैसे  हमारी  उम्र  बढती  है  , spark कम  होते  जाते   हैं . ऐसे  लोग  जिनमे  ये  चिंगारी  बिलकुल  ही  ख़तम   हो  जाती  है  वो  मायूस , लक्ष्यरहित और  कडवे  हो  जाते  हैं . Jab We met के  पहले  half की  करीना  और  दुसरे  half की   Kareena याद  है  ना ? चिंगारी  बुझ  जाने  पे  यही  होता  है . तो  भला  इस  Spark को  बचाएँ  कैसे ?

Spark को  दिए  की  लौ  की  तरह  imagine कीजिये . सबसे  पहले  उसे  nurture करने  ki ज़रुरत  है —उसे  लगातार  इंधन  देने   की  ज़रुरत  है . दूसरा , उसे  आन्धी -तूफ़ान  से  बचाने  की  ज़रुरत  है .

Nurture करने  के   लिए , हमेशा  लक्ष्य  बनाएं .यह  इंसान  कि  प्रवित्ति  होती  है  कि  वह  कोशिश  करे , सुधार  लाये  और  जो  best achieve कर  सकता  है  उसे  achieve करे .  दरअसल  इसी  को  Success कहते  हैं . यह  वो  है  जो  आपके  लिए  संभव  है . ये  कोई  बाहरी   माप -दंड  नहीं  है – जैसे  company द्वारा  दिया  गया  Package, कोई  car या  कोई  घर .

हममे  से  ज्यदातर  लोग  middle-class family से   हैं . हमारे  लिए   , भौतिक  सुख -सुविधाएं  सफलता  की  सूचक  होती  हैं , और  सही भी  है . जब  आप  बड़े  हो  जाते  हैं  और  पसिया  रोज़ -मर्रा  कि  ज़रूरतों  को  पूरा  करने  के  लिए  ज़रूरी  हो जाता  है , तो  ऐसे  में  financial freedom होना  एक  बड़ी  achievement है .

लेकिन   यह  ज़िन्दगी  का  मकसद  नहीं  है .  अगर  ऐसा  होता  तो  Mr. Ambani काम  पर  नहीं  जाते . Shah Rukh Khan घर  रहते  और  और -ज्यादा  dance नहीं  करते . Steve Jobs और  भी  अच्छा  iPhone बनाने  के  लिए  मेहनत  नहीं  करते  , क्योंकि  Pixar बेच  कर   already उन्हें  कई  billion dollars मिल  चुके  हैं .  वो  ऐसा  क्यों  करते  हैं ? ऐसा  क्या  है  जो  हर  रोज़  उन्हें  काम  पर  ले  जाता  है ?

वो  ऐसा  इसलिए  करते  हैं  क्योंकि  ये  उन्हें  ख़ुशी  देता  है . वो  ऐसा  इसलिए  करते  हैं  क्योंकि  ये  उन्हें  जिंदादिली  का  एहसास  करता  है . अपने  मौजूदा  स्तर  में  सुधार  लाना  एक  अच्छा  अहसास  दिलाता  है . अगर  आप  मेहनत  से  पढ़ें  तो  आप  अपनी  rank सुधार  सकते  हैं . अगर  आप  लोगों  से  interact करने  का  प्रयत्न  करें  तो  आप  interview में  अच्छा  करेंगे . अगर  आप  practice करें  तो  आपके  cricket में  सुधार  आएगा . शायद  आप  ये  भी  जानते  हों कि  आप  अभी  Tendulkar नहीं  बन  सकते  , लेकिन  आप  अगले  स्तर  पर   जा  सकते  हैं . अगले  level पे  जाने  के  लिए  प्रयास  करना ज़रूरी  है .

प्रकृति   ने  हमें   अनेकों  genes के  संयोग  और  विभिन्न  परिस्थितियों  के  हिसाब  से  design किया  है . खुश  रहने  के  लिए  हमें  इसे  accept करना  होगा , और  प्रकृति  कि  इस  design का अधिक  से  अधिक  लाभ  उठाना  होगा . ऐसा  करने  में  Goals आपकी  मदद  करेंगे .

अपने  लिए  सिर्फ  career या  academic goals ही  ना  बनाएं . ऐसे  goals बनाएं  जो  आपको  एक balanced और  successful life दे . अपने  break-up के  दिन  promotion पाने  का  कोई  मतलब  नहीं  है . कार  चलाने  में  कोई  मज़ा   नहीं  है  अगर  आपके  पीठ में दर्द हो .दिमाग  tension से  भरा  हो  तो भला  shopping करने  में  क्या  ख़ुशी होगी ?

आपने  ज़रूर  कुछ  quotes पढ़े  होंगे  —  ज़िन्दगी  एक  कठिन  race है , ये  एक  marathon है  या  कुछ  और . नहीं , जो  मैंने  आज  तक  देखा  है  ज़िन्दगी  nursery schools में  होने  वाली  उस  race की  तरह  है  जिसमे  आप  चम्मच  में  रखे  मार्बल  को  अपने  मुंह  में  दबा  कर  दौड़ते  हैं . अगर  मार्बल  गिर  जाये  तो  दौड़  में  first आने  का  कोई  अर्थ  नहीं  है . ऐसा  ही  ज़िन्दगी  के  साथ  है  जहाँ  सेहत  और  रिश्ते  उस  मार्बल  का  प्रतीक  हैं . आपका  प्रयास  तभी  सार्थक  है  जब   तक  वो   आपके  जीवन  में  सामंजस्य  लाता  है .नहीं  तो , आप  भले  ही  सफल  हो  जायें , लेकिन  ये  चिंगारी , ये  excited और  जिंदा  होने  की  feeling धीरे – धीरे  मरने  लगेगी . …..

Spark को  nurture करने  के  बारे  में  एक  आखिरी  चीज —ज़िन्दगी  को  संजीदगी  से  ना  लें ….don’t take life seriously. मेरे  एक  योगा  teacher class के  दौरान  students को  हंसाते  थे . एक  student ने  पूछा  कि  क्या  इन  Jokes कि  वजह  से  योगा   practice का  समय  व्यर्थ  नहीं  होता ? तब  teacher ने  कहा  – Don’t be serious be sincere. तबसे  इस  Quote ने  मेरा  काम  define किया  है . चाहे  वो  मेरा  लेखन  हो , मेरी  नौकरी  हो , मेरे  रिश्ते  हों  या  कोई  और  लक्ष्य . मुझे  अपनी  writings पर  रोज़  हज़ारों  लोगों  के  opinions मिलते  हैं . कहीं  खूब  प्रशंशा  होती  है  कहीं  खूब  आलोचना . अगर  मैं  इन  सबको  seriously ले  लूं , तो  लिखूंगा  कैसे ? या  फिर  , जीऊंगा  कैसे ?ज़िन्दगी  गंभीरता  से  लेने  के  लिए  नहीं  है , हम  सब  यहाँ  temporary हैं .हम  सब  एक  pre-paid card की  तरह  हैं  जिसकी  limited validity hai. अगर  हम  भाग्यशाली  हैं  तो  शयद  हम   अगले  पचास  साल  और  जी  लें . और  50 साल  यानि सिर्फ  2500 weekends .क्या  हमें  सच -मुच  अपने  आप  को  काम  में  डुबो  देना  चाहिए ? कुछ  classes bunk करना , कुछ  papers में  कम  score करना  , कुछ  interviews ना  निकाल  पाना , काम  से  छुट्टी  लेना , प्यार   में  पड़ना , spouse से  छोटे -मोटे  झगडे  होना …सब  ठीक  है …हम  सभी  इंसान  हैं , programmed devices नहीं ….

मैंने  आपसे  तीन  चीजें  बतायीं – reasonable goals, balance aur ज़िन्दगी  को  बहुत  seriously नहीं  लेना – जो  spark को  nurture करेंगी .  लेकिन  ज़िन्दगी  में  चार  बड़े  तूफ़ान  आपके  दिए  को  बुझाने  की  कोशिश  करेंगे . इनसे  बचने  बहुत  ज़रूरी  है . ये  हैं  निराशा  (disappointment),कुंठा ( frustration),  अन्याय (unfairness) और जीवन में कोई उद्देश्य ना होना (loneliness of purpose.)

निराशा  तब  होगी  जब  आपके  प्रयत्न  आपको  मनचाहा  result ना  दे  पाएं  . जब  चीजें  आपके  प्लान  के  मुताबिक  ना  हों  या  जब  आप  असफल  हो जायें . Failure को  handle करना  बहुत  कठिन  है , लेकिन  जो  कर  ले  जाता  है  wo और  भी  मजबूत  हो  कर  निकलता  है . इस  failure से  मुझे  क्या  सीख  मिली ?  इस  प्रश्न  को  खुद  से  पूछना  चाहिए . आप  बहुत  असहाय  feel करेंगे   , आप  सबकुछ  छोड़  देना  चाहेंगे  जैसा  कि  मैंने  चाहा   था  , जब  मेरी  पहली  book को  9 publishers ने  reject कर  दिया  था . कुछ  IITians low-grades की  वजह  से  खुद  को  ख़तम कर  लेते  हैं , ये  कितनी  बड़ी   बेवकूफी  है ? पर  इस  बात  को  समझा  जा  सकता  है  कि  failure आपको  किस  हद्द  तक  hurt कर  सकता  है .

पर ये ज़िन्दगी है . अगर चुनौतियों  से हमेशा पार पाया जा सकता तो , तो चुनौतियाँ चुनौतियाँ नहीं रह जातीं. और याद रखिये — अगर आप किसी चीज में fail हो रहे हैं,तो इसका मतलब आप अपनी सीमा या क्षमता तक पहुँच रहे हैं. और यहीं आप होना चाहते हैं.

Disappointment का भाई है  frustration, दूसरा तूफ़ान . क्या आप कभी frustrate  हुए हैं? ये तब होता है जब चीजें अटक जाती हैं. यह भारत में विशेष रूप से प्रासंगिक है. ट्राफिक जाम से से लेकर अपने योग्य job पाने तक. कभी-कभी चीजें इतना वक़्त लेती हैं कि आपको पता नहीं चलता की आपने अपने लिए सही लक्ष्य निर्धारित किये हैं.Books लिखने के बाद, मैंने bollywood के लिखने का लक्ष्य बनाया, मुझे लगा उन्हें writers  की ज़रुरत है. मुझे लोग बहुत भाग्यशाली मानते हैं पर मुझे अपनी पहली movie release  के करीब पहुँचने में पांच साल लग गए.

Frustration excitement  को ख़त्म करता है, और आपकी उर्जा को नकारात्मकता में बदल देता है, और आपको कडवा बना देती है.मैं इससे कैसे deal  करता हूँ? लगने वाले समय का realistic अनुमान लगा के. . भले ही movie  देखने में कम समय लगता हो पर उसे बनाने में काफी समय लगता है, end-result  के बजाय उस result तक पहुँचने के  प्रोसेस को एन्जॉय करना , मैं कम से कम script-writing तो सीख रहा था , और बतौर एक  side-plan  मेरे पास अपनी तीसरी किताब लिखने को भी थी और इसके आलावा दोस्त, खाना-पीना, घूमना ये सब कुछ frustration से पार पाने में मदद करती हैं. याद रखिये, किसी भी चीज को  seriously  नहीं लेना है.Frustration  , कहीं ना कहीं एक इशारा है कि आप चीजों को बहुत seriously ले रहे हैं.Frustration excitement को  ख़तम  करता  है , और  आपकी  energy को  negativity में  बदल  देता  है , वो  आपको  कडवा  बना  देता  है . मैं  इससे  कैसे  deal करता  हूँ ?

Unfairness ( अन्याय ) – इससे  deal करना  सबसे  मुश्किल  है , लेकिन  दुर्भाग्य  से  अपने  देश  में  ऐसे  ही  काम  होता  है . जिनके  connections होते  हैं , बड़े  बाप  होते  हैं , खूबसूरत  चेहरे  होते  हैं ,वंशावली  ( pedigree) होती  है , उन्हें   सिर्फ  Bollywood में  ही  नहीं  बल्कि  हर  जगह  आसानी  होती  है . और  कभी -कभी  यह  महज  luck की  बात  होती  है . India में  बहुत  कम   opportunities हैं , इसलिए   कुछ  होने  के  लिए  सारे  गृह -नक्षत्रों  को  सही  इस्थिति  में  होना   होगा . Short-term में  मिलने  वाली  उपलब्धियां  भले  ही  आपकी   merit और  hard –work  के  हिसाब  से   ना  हों  पर  long-term में  ये   ज़रूर  उस  हिसाब  से  होंगी , अंततः   चीजें  work-out करती  हैं . पर  इस  बात  को  समझिये  कि  कुछ  लोग  आपसे  lucky होंगे .

दरअसल  अगर  Indian standards के  हिसाब  से  देखा  जाये  तो  आपको  College में  पढने  का  अवसर  मिलना  , और  आपके  अन्दर  इस  भाषण  को  English में  समझने  की   काबिलियत  होना  आपको  काफी  lucky बनता  है . हमारे  पास  जो  है  हमें  उसके  लिए  अहसानमंद  होना  चाहिए  , और  जो  नहीं  है  उसे  accept करने  कि  शक्ति  होनी  चाहिए .  मुझे  अपने  readers से  इतना  प्यार  मिलता  है  कि  दुसरे  writers उसके  बारे  में  सोच  भी  नहीं  सकते . पर  मुझे  साहित्यिक प्रशंशा  नहीं  मिलती  है . मैं  Aishwarya Rai की  तरह  नहीं  दीखता  हूँ  पर  मैं  समझता  हूँ   कि   मेरे  दोनों  बेटे   उनसे  ज्यादा  खूबसूरत  हैं . It is OK . Unfairness को  अपने  अन्दर  कि  चिंगारी  को  बुझाने  मत  दीजिये .

और  आखिरी  चीज  जो  आपके  spark को  ख़तम  कर  सकती  है  वो  है  Isolation( अलग होने की स्थिति ) आप  जैसे  जैसे  बड़े   होंगे  आपको  realize होगा  कि  आप  unique हैं . जब  आप  छोटे  होते  हैं  तो  सभी  को  ice-cream और  spiderman अच्छे  लगते  हैं . जब  आप  college में  जाते  हैं  तो  भी  आप  बहुत  हद  तक  अपने   बाकी  दोस्तों  की  तरह  ही  होते  हैं . लेकिन  दस  साल  बाद  आपको  पता  लगता  है  कि  आप   unique हैं . आप  जो  चाहते  हैं , आप  जिस  चीज  में  विश्वास  राखते  हैं , वो  आपके  सबसे  करीबी  लोगों  से  भी  अलग  हो  सकती  है . इस  वजह  से  conflict हो  सकती  है  क्योंकि  आपके  goals दूसरों  से  match नहीं  करते . और  आप  शायद   उनमे  से  कुछ  को  drop कर  दें . College में  Basketball के  कप्तान  रह  चुके , दूसरा  बछा  होते -होते  ये  खेल  खेलना  छोड़  देते  हैं . जो चीज  उन्हें  इतनी  पसंद  थी  वो  उसे  छोड़  देते  हैं . ऐसा  वो  अपनी  family के  लिए  करते  हैं . पर  ऐसा  करने   में  Spark ख़तम  हो  जाता  है . कभी  भी  ऐसा  compromise ना  करें . पहले  खुद   को  प्यार  करें  फिर  दूसरों  को .

मैंने  आपको  चारों  thunderstorms – disappointment, frustration, unfairness and isolation के  बारे  में  बताया . आप  इनको  avoid नहीं  कर  सकते , मानसून  की  तरह  ये  भी  आपके  जीवें  में  बार -बार  आते  रहेंगे . आपको  बस  अपना  raincoat तैयार  रखना  है  ताकि  आपके  अन्दर  कि  चिंगारी  बुझने  ना  पाए .

मैं  एक  बार  फिर  आपका  आपके  जीवन  के  सबसे  अच्छे समय  में  स्वागत  करता  हूँ . अगर  कोई  मुझे  समय  में  वापस  जाने  का  option दे  तो  निश्चित  रूप  से  मैं  college वापस  जाना  चाहूँगा . मैं  ये आशा  करता  हुनक  की  दस  साल  बाद  भी  , आपकी  आँखों  में  वही  चमक  होगी  जो  आज  है , कि  आप  अपने  अन्दर  की  चिंगारी  को  सिर्फ  college में  ही  नहीं  बल्कि  अगले  2500 weekends तक  ज़िन्दा  रखेंगे . और  मैं  आशा करता  हूँ  की  सिर्फ  आप  ही  नहीं  बल्कि  पूरा  देश  इस  चिंगारी  को  ज़िन्दा  रखेगा , क्योंकि  इतिहास  में  किसी  भी  और  पल  से  ज्यादा  अब  इसकी  ज़रुरत  है . और  ये  कहना  कितना   अच्छा लगेगा कि —मैं  Billion Sparks की भूमि से वास्ता रखता हूँ .

 Thank You.

POST OFFICE VACANCIES 2015.TOTAL VACANCIES 8214.…सर्वात अगोदर आपल्या ब्लोग वर पहा...

Job details of India Post office recruitment: The various positions advertised are as follows
• Postal Assistant
• Sorting Assistant

Total Number of Vacancies – 8243 (in different states of India)
• Andhra Pradesh – 541 vacancies
• Assam – 126 vacancies
• Bihar – 211 vacancies
• Chhattisgarh – 122 vacancies
• Delhi – 234 vacancies
• Gujarat – 564 vacancies
• Haryana – 181 vacancies
• Himachal Pradesh – 89 vacancies
• Jammu & Kashmir – 131 vacancies
• Jharkhand – 162 vacancies
• Karnataka – 534 vacancies
• Kerala – 385 vacancies
• Madhya Pradesh – 269 vacancies
• Maharashtra – 1098 vacancies
• North-East – 100 vacancies
• Odisha – 451 vacancies
• Punjab – 216 vacancies
• Rajasthan - 304 vacancies
• Tamil Nadu – 1023 vacancies
• Uttar Pradesh – 668 vacancies
• Uttarakhand – 136 vacancies
• West Bengal – 698 vacancies

Academic Qualifications-
• Applicants should have cleared their 12th standard exam from a recognized university or Educational board. They should have had English as a subject. They should have had the corresponding state’s local language or Hindi as a subject during Matriculation or its equivalent exam

Age group-
• Applicants should be between 18 and 27 years old as on 27th March 2015 – Unreserved Candidates
• Relaxation in terms of Age Limit is valid as per the rules

Process of Selection- Applicants are selected on the basis of a Written Test and Computer or Typing Test

Application Fees and Procedure -
• Rs. 100 towards Application form Registration fees – All Categories
• Rs. 400 – For male applicants from General or OBC categories
• Pay the amount at e-payment Post Offices using the Fee Payment Challan downloaded from the Department of Posts website.
• No fees for applicants from SC/ST/Physical impairment/Women
• Candidates can apply online by logging onto www.pasadrexam2015.in between 26th Feb 2015 and 27th March 2015.
• Once you receive the Provincial Unique Identification Number, kindly retain the same and the password for reference at  a later stage.
• Please print out the same and retain the print out

To Apply Online the Candidate should –
• Get a valid email address
• Go to www.pasadrexam2015.in and fill in the application form
• Make a note of the Registration number and password
• Make the payment after downloading the Fee challan
• Once the application is duly filled, please print out the same.

Note-
First Date of Online Application: 26-02-2015
Submit Application by: 27-03-2015 at 11:59 pm

If you have any further queries about the India Post Postal Assistant recruitment of the above listed positions, pay scale, notification, job location other requirements, kindly click on the link below –

आईची एक  प्रेमळ कथा......
नक्कीच डोळ्यात पाणी येईल.

एका गावात एक बाई
आपल्या छोट्या मुलाबरोबर
एका छोट्या झोपडीत राहात होती.
आपल्या मुलाला काही कमी पडू नयेम्हणून
दिवसरात्र एक करून ती काम करत असे; पण
त्या छोट्या मुलाला मात्र, आपली आई अजिबात
आवडत नाही. तो तिचा तिरस्कार करत असतो;
कारण तिला एक डोळा नसल्यामुळे ती भेसूर दिसत
असते. आईला तो शाळेतही येऊ देत नसतो.
एकदा एका कार्यक्रमासाठी आईला शाळेत जावे
लागते; पण तिला बघून कुठे तोंड लपवावे हे
मुलाला कळत नाही.... रागाचा एककटाक्ष टाकून
तो तिथून पळून जातो. घरी आल्यावर
तो आईला प्रचंड बोलतो.""कशाला आलीहोतीस
शाळेत? आता माझे मित्र मला चिडवतील?
मी उद्या शाळेत कसा जाऊ? तुला एक
डोळा का नाही? मलातू अजिबात आवडत
नाहीस.'' वगैरे वगैरे. आई काहीही बोलत नाही.
आपण आईला खूप बोललो, याचे
मुलालाही काही वाटत नाही. रागाने
तो नुसता धुमसत असतो. आईशी काहीही न
बोलता जेवतो आणि झोपतो.
रात्री कधीतरी त्याला जाग येते; तर
आपल्या मुलाची झोपमोड होऊ नये
अशा दबक्या आवाजात त्याची आईरडत असते. पण
त्याचेही त्याला काही वाटत नाही.
एका डोळ्याच्या आपल्या आईचा त्याला अधिकच
तिरस्कार वाटायला लागतो.
त्या क्षणी तो निर्णय घेतो, शिकून खूपमोठे
व्हायचे आणि इथूनबाहेर पडायचे.
त्याप्रमाणे तो खूप अभ्यास करतो. उच्च
शिक्षणासाठी मोठ्या शहरात येतो.नामवंत
विद्यापीठातून पदवी मिळवतो. मोठ्या कंपनीत
मोठ्या हुद्द्यावर काम करू लागतो. एका सुंदर
मुलीशी त्याचे लग्न होते. त्याला एक मुलगा, एक
मुलगी होते. आता त्याचे कुटुंब पूर्ण होते; कारण हे
सुंदर चित्र
बिघडवणारी एका डोळ्याची
त्याची आई तिथे
नसते. तो तिला जवळजवळ विसरून गेलेला असतो.
अतिशय सुखात असतो.
एक दिवस त्याच्याघराचे दार वाजते. दारात
एका माणसाबरोबर त्याची तीच
एका डोळ्याची आई उभी असते. तिला बघून
त्याची मुलगी घाबरून आत पळून जाते.
तोआधी चक्रावतो आणि मग स्वतःला सावरत
तिला म्हणतो,""कोण आहेस तू? इथे का आलीस?
बघ माझी मुलगी तुला घाबरली.''
""मी बहुतेक चुकीच्या पत्त्यावर आले,'' असे
काहीसे पुटपुटत आई निघून जाते. तिने
आपल्याला ओळखले नाही, अशा समाधानात (?)
मुलगा दार लावून घेतो.
काही दिवसांनी,
माजी विद्यार्थी संमेलनासाठी त्याला त्याच्या शाळेतून
पत्र येते. परत त्या गावात जाऊ नये असे वाटत
असतानाही तो संमेलनाला जाण्याचा निर्णय
घेतो. ऑफिसच्या कामासाठी जातोय, असे
बायकोला खोटेच सांगतो.
संमेलन पार पडते. कुठल्यातरी अनामिक ओढीने
त्याची पावले त्याच्याही नकळत झोपडीकडे
वळतात. दाराला कुलूप असते. शेजारची बाई
त्याला ओळखते आणि
एक पत्र देते. ते पत्र
त्याच्या आईचे असते.
तो वाचू लागतो,
मी खूप आयुष्य जगले.
 तुझ्याकडे आता मी परत
कधीही येणार नाही; पण तू कधीतरी येऊन
मला भेटावेस अशी माझी खूप इच्छा आहे.
शाळेच्या संमेलनाला तू येणार हे कळले होते; पण
तिथे येऊन तुला भेटायचे नाही असे
मी नक्की ठरवले. कारण मला माहिती आहे,
एका डोळ्याची ही तुझी आई तुला आवडत नाही.
मला एकच डोळा का, असेही तू
मला एकदा विचारलेहोतेस. तेव्हा तू खूपच लहान
होतास म्हणून मी काही उत्तर दिले नाही; पण
आज सांगते. बाळा, तू लहान असताना एक अपघात
झाला. त्या अपघातात तू तुझा एक
डोळा गमावलास. एका डोळ्याने तू संपूर्ण आयुष्य
कसे जगणार या विचाराने मी हैराण झाले
आणि माझा एक डोळा तुला दिला. मला तुझा खूप
अभिमान आहे. तू मला जे बोललास
किंवा माझ्याशी जसा वागलास
त्यासाठी मी तुझ्यावर अजिबात रागावलेले
नाही."तुझे माझ्यावर खूप प्रेम आहे,' असाच
विचार मी करते.
कधी काळी माझ्या भोवतीभोवती खेळणारा तू
मला नेहमी आठवतोस...''
पत्र वाचून मुलगाढसढसा रडू लागला..
जी व्यक्ती केवळ त्याच्यासाठी जगली,
स्वतःचा सर्वात महत्त्वाचा अवयव जिनं
त्याला सहजपणे देऊन टाकला, तिच्याशी आपण
किती निर्दयपणे वागलो. त्याला प्रचंड
पश्चात्ताप झाला,तो आईला मोठमोठ्याने
हाका मारू लागला;पण आता त्याचा काय उपयोग
होता??
मित्रानो आई-वडिलांसाठी
कोणतीही गोष्ट
सोडा.
पण..
कोणत्याही गोष्टीसाठी
 आई-वडिलांना सोडू
नका. . .
आवडली तर
ास्तीत जास्त हि कथा शेअर करा


www.pathridaily.blogspot.com

मुलाखत टिप्स

 वेगवेगळया क्षेत्राकरिता वेगवेगळे मुलाखत तंत्र असते. म्हणून त्या क्षेत्रातील वापरात येणार्‍या मुलाखत तंत्राचा अभ्यास करुन मुलाखतीस सामोरे गेले पाहिजे. मुलाखतीमध्ये साधारणपणे तुमच्या बौध्दिक व मानसिक क्षमता व आचारविचारांची परीक्षा घेतली जाते. पूर्वी मुलाखतींचे तंत्र अतिशय साध्या स्वरुपाचे होते. त्यात केवळ उमेदवाराची शैक्षणिक पात्रता पाहिली जात असे. आता केवळ बौध्दिक व मानसिक क्षमता न पाहता शारिरीक क्षमता व नेतृत्वगुण सुध्दा पाहिले जातात.

 वैयक्तिक मुलाखतीत आवश्यक असणारे गुण खाली दिले आहेत :
 १. व्यावसायिक व सामान्य ज्ञान

 मुलाखतीस जातांना व्यक्तीची संबंधित व्यावसायिक ज्ञानाची परिपूर्ण तयारी असणे आवश्यक आहे तसेच अपेक्षित प्रश्न व त्यांची उत्तरे तयार केल्यास आत्मविश्र्वासाने मुलाखत देता येते. मूलाखतीमध्ये संबंधित व्यवसायास तुमचा किती फायदा होईल, याचा विचार केला जातो.  त्या व्यवसायासंबंधीचे आधुनिक व नवीन तंत्रज्ञान तुम्हाला अवगत असणे आवश्यक असून यासाठी त्या विषयावरील नवनवीन पुस्तके वाचण्याची गरज आहे. व्यावसायिक ज्ञानाबरोबरच सामान्यज्ञान असणे गरजेचे आहे उमेदवाराची निवड करतांना या गोष्टीचा विचार केला जातो.

 २. संभाषण कला

 मुलाखतीमध्ये प्रश्नोत्तराद्वारे ,संभाषणाद्वारे चाचणी केली जाते. म्हणून भाषेवर तुमचे प्रभुत्व असणे गरजेचे आहे याचा उपयोग चांगल्या पध्दतीने तुमचे विचार व ज्ञान प्रकट करण्यासाठी होतो. तुमचे बोलणे स्पष्ट व मुद्देसूद असणे गरजेचे आहे. चांगल्या संभाषणकलेमुळे निवड करणार्‍या अधिकार्‍यांवर तुमची छाप पडते.

३. आत्मविश्र्वास

 आत्मविश्र्वास हा मुलाखतीतील महत्वचा भाग आहे. मुलाखतीमध्ये एखाद्या प्रश्नाच्या उत्तराबद्दल जर तुम्हाला खात्री नसेल तर त्यावेळी उत्तर माहित नाही असे सांगणे योग्य असते. तुमच्या बोलण्या चालण्यातूनसुध्दा आत्मविश्र्वास प्रकट होत असतो. यासाठी मुलाखतीच्या प्रवेशद्वारापासून मुलाखतीच्या बैठक व्यवस्थेपर्यंत जातांना उमेदवाराने मान व शरीर ताठ ठेवून उत्साहाने चालत गेले पाहिजे.

 ४. सकारात्मक विचार

 मुलाखतीस जातांना आपण त्यात यशस्वी होणार, अशी मानसिक वृत्ती ठेवून जाणे म्हणजेच सकारात्मक वृत्ती होय. सकारात्मक दृष्टी असेल तर व्यक्ती त्यादृष्टीने प्रयत्न करुन यशस्वी होते.

 ५. शिस्त

 मुलाखतीस नियोजित वेळेपूर्वी पोहोचणे आवश्यक आहे. मुलाखतीस घाईने धावपळ करुन मुलाखतीची वेळ गाठण्याचा प्रयत्न केल्यास त्याचा वाईट परिणाम मुलाखतीवर होतो. मुलाखत कक्षामध्ये परवानगीने प्रवेश करणे, परवानगी मिळाल्याशिवाय स्थान ग्रहण न करणे, मुलाखत संपल्यांनंतर आभार मानणे व जातांना मुलाखत घेणार्‍या व्यक्तीला दिवसाच्या शुभेच्छा देणे, हा उमेदवाराचे आचार-विचार व वर्तणुकीचा भाग आहे.

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व्यक्तीमत्त्व विकास

आपण कुणीही असाल, आपल्या प्रत्येकाचे व्यक्तिमत्त्व परिपूर्ण असेल तर जगरहाटीतून आपले कुठेच काही अडत नाही. इच्छा तिथे मार्ग असतो. या मार्गावर चालत राहणे मात्र मह्त्त्वाचे असते. म्हणूनच नकारात्मक भाव झटकत राहून आपल्या व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकासाकडे लक्ष देणे अत्यंत गरजेचे असते. आपला पोषाख, दिसणे यापेक्षा आपल्याकडे कोणकोणती कौशल्ये आहेत, मराठी, हिंदी व इंग्रजी भाषा कशी येते, व्यवहारज्ञान कितपत आहे, आपण निश्र्चित असे ध्येय निवडलेले आहे किंवा नाही इत्यादी गोष्टींना आजच्या युगात मोठे मह्त्त्व आहे.

आपल्या व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकासाची सुरूवात ही आईच्या कुशीतून होते आणि जगाच्या व्यासपीठापर्यंत विकासाच्या नवनव्या संधी उपलब्ध होत असतात. त्या जितक्या समजून घेता येतील तेवढे आपण माणूस म्हणून समृद्ध होत असतो. तेव्हा आरशात दिसणाऱ्या माणसासाठी विकासाच्या नेमक्या वाटा शोधा. मरगळ झटका. आत्मविश्र्वासाने आपल्यात अनुकूल असे बदल करण्याची सतत धडपड करा. स्थानिक पातळीपासून व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकासासाठी अनेक संस्था आपल्यासाठी कार्यरत आहेत. आपल्या गरजेनुसार त्यांच्याकडून धडे घेण्यास संकोच करू नका.

आपण कसे बोलावे? संवाद कसा साधावा, मुलाखत कशी द्यावी, येथपासून ते समारंभात भाषण कसे करावे यापर्यंत, आवडीच्या उद्योग-व्यवसायाची निवड कशी करावी, चांगली नोकरी मिळविण्यासाठी कोणते प्रयत्न करावेत आणि हे साध्य करण्यासाठी आवश्यक ते प्रशिक्षण कुठे उपलब्ध आहे, अशी व इतर अनेक प्रकारची माहिती आपण इंटरनेट, वृत्तपत्र वा पुस्तक या मध्ये शोधू शकतो.

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MLA Babajani Durrani With Late GOPINATH MUNDE ON ONE OF THE MOMENT HE VISITED PATHRI...BEFORE SOME YEAR BACK

April 14- Dr B.R Ambedkar Jayanti CELEBRATED NATIONALY

April 14- Dr B.R Ambedkar Jayanti

Ambedkar Jayanti is a festival observed on April 14 every year to commemorate the memory of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.  This day is celebrated as birth anniversary of Dr. Ambedkar who born on this day in the year 1891. It is a public holiday in all of the Indian states. It is a customary tradition to pay homage to Babasaheb’s statue at the Parliament, New Delhi by the President, Prime Minister, Leaders of prominent parties etc. on this day. It is celebrated throughout the world especially by formerly oppressed communities who embraced Buddhism under his guidance. In India, large number of people visit Babasaheb's statue at the prominent place of their village/city in procession with lot of fanfare of dhol, tasha, dance etc. throughout the day and unto late night.

Know about Dr B.R Ambedkar

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly also known as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, politician, philosopher, anthropologist, historian and economist. A revivalist for Buddhism in India, he inspired the Modern Buddhist movement. As independent India's first law minister, he was principal architect of the Constitution of India.

Born into a poor Mahar family, Ambedkar campaigned against social discrimination, the Indian caste system. He converted to Buddhism and is also credited with providing a spark for the conversion of hundreds of thousands of lower caste members to Buddhism. Ambedkar was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1990. Eventually earning a law degree and doctorates for his study and research in law, economics and political science from Columbia University and the London School of Economics, Ambedkar gained a reputation as a scholar and practiced law for a few years, later campaigning by publishing journals advocating political rights and social freedom for India's untouchables.

Pranab Mukherjee, Manmohan Singh pay tribute to Dr.BR Ambedkar

President Pranab Mukherjee, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Vice President Hamid Ansari on Monday(14 April 2014) paid tribute to Chief architect of the Indian constitution Dr.BR Ambedkar on his 123rd birth anniversary.

Dr. Ambedkar was born on this day in 1891 in the town of Mhow in Madhya Pradesh and was independent India's first law minister and principal architect of the Constitution of India.

All central government offices including industrial establishments and Banks will remain closed today on the occasion of Ambedkar Jayanti.

published by Sunil Dhaware in co-operation with sapost blog site.

10 people who changed the world .....

10 people who changed the world .....

1. Bill Gates :

Bill Gates created his first computer program while still at high school, co-founded Microsoft in 1977, and by 1993 was the richest man on Earth. In 2000 Gates and his wife formed the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation, which is the largest charity in the world. One of its aim is to exempt the Third World of polio and other deadly diseases.

2. Martin Luther King :

Martin Luther King was a Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of blacks in the Southern states of the United States. He was influenced by Gandhi and believed in peaceful protest. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. King was assassinated in 1968, but will always be remembered for his dignified, passive resistance to an unjust society.

3. Nelson Mandela :

Nelson Mandela dedicated his life to the fight against apartheid – a policy which kept black and white South Africans apart and denied black citizens the vote. He was imprisoned in 1964 for his aggressive opposition to South Africa’s racist government and was held for 26 years. In 1990, after his release, Mandela was elected President of the African National Congress. In 1993 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end apartheid

4. Adolf Hitler :

Adolf Hitler was Germany’s leader from 1933 – 1945, during time which he led the world into the most devastating war in history. Hitler’s hatred of Jewish people and his desire for a blue-eyed, blond-haired master race led to the murder of six million people during World War II; most died in concentration camp in Eastern Europe.

5. Albert Einstein :

Albert Einstein was one of the greatest of all physicists and his name has become a symbol of genius. When his most famous work, the General Theory Of Relativity was proven in 1919, Einstein became the most celebrated scientist in the world and he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 192 1. Einstein was a firm believer in pacifism but his scientific theories helped his adopted country, the USA, to develop the atomic bomb. A week before he died Einstein wrote to Bertrand Russell, a British Philosopher and leading antinuclear campaigner, asking to put his name to a manifesto urging all countries to give up their nuclear weapons.

6. Mahatma Gandhi :

Gandhi began his career as a lawyer but became a great political and spiritual leader. He led the peaceful civil disobedience of Indians against British rule in India and negotiated with the British Government until 1947, when India was granted independence. Gandhi became the first icon of a people’s struggle agains oppression. His simple lifestyle and his belief in religious tolerance have made him a symbol of decency and peace ever since.

7. Karl Marx :

Karl Marx's ideas on economic history and sociology changed the world. Marx was a social philosopher who attacked the state and predicted a future in which everyone was equal. He explained his theories in the Communist Manifesto (compiled with Friedrich Engels and published in 1848) and Das Kapital (1867 – 94). His ideas eventually led to the Russian Revolution and communism. By 1950 almost half of the world‘s people lived under communist regimes.

8. Charles Darwin :

Naturalist Charles Darwin established the theory of evolution. He began forming his ideas when he served as official naturalist on a world voyage on HMS Beagle (1831 – 36) and spent the rest of his life back in England developing them. When his famous book The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selections was published in 1859, there were violent reactions against it. Darwin challenged the Bible’s account of creation and explained that human being are descended from an ape-like ancestor. Another English naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, independently developed very similar ideas at the same time as Darwin.

9. William Shakespeare :

William Shakespeare is generally agreed to be the greatest play writer in the English language. He began as an actor and wrote atleast 154 love poems and 37 plays, including Hamlet, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. Shakespeare also probably introduced more than 1,700 new words to the English Language.

10. Christopher Columbus :

Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous of all explorers. He believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean and in 1492 he set sail in the Santa Maria to prove his theory. Instead, he landed on the islands now known as the West Indies. His discoveries led to the European explorations and settlement of the Americas.

 

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MAHANAVACHI JAYANTI DESHBHARAT UTSAHAT SAJARI
DR BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR YANCHI 123 VI  JAYANTI SAJARI

List of "First Indian Woman" in various fields

The Mother, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry

1. First Indian Woman To Receive Lenin Peace Award
Aruna Asaf Ali

2. First Woman Vice-Chairperson Of Rajyasabha
Violet Alva In 1962

3. First Woman Session Judge In India
Anna Chandi

4. First Woman President Of Students Union
Anju Sachdeva Of Delhi University

5. First Indian Woman To Receive Norman Borlaug Award
Dr. Amrita Patel

6. First Indian Woman To Get International Grandmaster Award In Chess
Bhagyasri Thipse

7. First Indian Woman Ias Officer
Anna George

8. First Indian Woman T Reach In Olympic Games
Sini Abraham

9. First Woman President Of India
Pratibha Devisingh Patil

10. First Woman Governor Of State In India
Mrs. Sarojini Naidu

11. First Woman Prime Minister Of India
Mrs. Indira Gandhi

12. First Indian Woman To Swim Across English Channel
Mrs. Aarti Saha

13. First Indian Woman To Swim Across Strait Of Gibraltar
Aarti Pradhan

14. First Muslim Woman To Sit On Throne Of Delhi
Razia Sultan

15. First Woman President Of Indian National Congress
Annie Besant

16. The First Woman Chief Minister Of An Indian State
Mrs. Sucheta Kriplani ( Uttar Pradesh)

17. First Woman Central Minister Of India
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

18. First Indian Woman To Climb The Mount Everest
Bachhendri Pal

19. First Woman Airline Pilot
Cap Durba Bannerjee

20. First Woman Ambassador
Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit

Visit : http://sapost.blogspot.in/ for latest News ....

21. First Woman To Climb Mount Everest Twice
Santosh Yadav

22. First Woman Judge Of Supreme Court
Meera Sahib Fatima Biwi

23. First Woman Chief Justice Of High Court
Mrs. Leela Seth

24. First Indian Woman Pilot In Indian Air Force
Haritakaur Dayal

25. First Woman Air Vice Marshal
P. Bandhopadhyaya

26. First Woman Lieutenant General
Puneeta Arora

27. First Woman Chairman Of Upsc
Rose Millian Mathew

28. First Woman Chairperson Of Indian Airlines
Sushma Chawla

29. First Woman To Receive Jnanpeeth Award
Asha Purna Devi

30. First Woman To Receive Bharat Ratna
Mrs. Indira Gandhi

31. First Indian Woman To Receive Nobel Prize
Mother Teresa

32. First Woman To Receive Ashok Chakra
Niraja Bhanot

33. First Woman IPS Officer
Mrs. Kiran Bedi

34. First Woman Doordarshan News Reader
Pratima Puri

35. First Woman Finger Print Experts In India
Sita Varthambal And Bhrangathambal ( Both Were Sisters)

36. First Indian Woman To Go In Space
Kalpana Chawla

37. First Actress In The Indian Cinema
Devika Rani

38. First Indian Woman To Become Miss World
Reita Faria

39. First Woman Speaker Of The State Assembly
Mrs. Shano Devi

40. First Indian Woman To Receive An Asiad Gold Medal
Kamalji Sandhu

Visit : http://sapost.blogspot.in/ for latest News ....

41. First Indian Test Tube Baby
Harsha (1986)

42. First Woman Chairperson Of National Woman Commission
Mrs. Jayanti Patnayak

43. First Woman Chairman Of Exim Bank
Tarzani Vakil

44. First Woman To Get Arjun Award
N. Lumsden (1961)

45. First Woman To Win Miss Universe Title
Sushmita Sen

46. First Indian Woman President Of Uno General Assembly ?
Vijay Lakshmi Pandit

47. First Woman Surgeon

Dr. Prema Mukherjee

48. First Indian Woman Barrister
Cornotia Sorabji

49. First Indian Woman Advocate
Regina Guha

50. First Chief Justce Of Mumbai High Court
Justice Sujaata B Manohar

51. First Woman To Win Wta Tennis Tournament
Sania Mirza

52. First Woman President Of Indian Science Congress
Dr. Ashima Chatterjee

53. First Deputy Governor Of Reserve Bank Of India?
K. J. Udesi

54. First Woman Sahitya Award Winner
Amrita Pritam

55. First Woman Commercial Pilot
Prem Mathur Of Deccan Airways

56. First Woman Foreign Minister
Lakshmi N Menon

57. First Indian Woman At Antarctica
Meher Moos In 1976

58. First Woman Chief Engineer
P. K. Tresia Nanguli

59. First Indian Woman To Complete Her Mbbs
Kadambini Ganguli Bose In 1888

60. First Indian Paratrooper Of Indian Air Force
Nita Ghose

Visit : http://pathridaily.blogspot.in/ for latest News ....

61. First Woman Indian Railway Driver
Surekha Shankar Yadav

62. The First Indian Woman Cricketer To Get 100 Wickets
Diana Eduljee

63. First Indian Woman To Get Magsaysay Award
Kiran Bedi

64. First Woman Secretary General Of Rajya Sabha
V. S. Rama Devi

How tovcrack"Postal Assistace exam just in3-MONTHS……

Visit for more Study materials : www.pathridaily.blogspot.in

General Awareness is an Integral part of most of the competitive exams and it Comprises of current finance and economy, Geographical, social, cultural　aspects at national and international level. The fact that makes it a challenge　to prepare　is its unlimited range of questions. 
　

General awareness is considered a big challenge by the aspirants due to is large range of questions. It is believed that you cannot prepare it completely as there are so many things happening around and you can’t remember them all. I am receiving many mails from aspirants asking how to tackle this big hurdle.　The solution is simple, Stay Updated!!

Although we accept it is challenging but it may be a great decider of your success if prepared properly. Last year the deciding factor between Postal Assistant Job getters and losers was "General knowledge". Previous year, most of the aspirants scored more than 20 marks in every part i.e. Arithmetic, Reasoning, and General English but failed to secure qualifying marks (10 marks) in GK. 

The General Awareness questions don’t take any time to solve. You only have to read and Mark. There is no　calculation　that you have to do (And very minimal, if any!!). So you may attempt this section in 10 minutes without much effort and it’s highly scoring also. It saves precious time to go for other time-taking sections. So I advise you to go for General awareness first as people normally complain about not being able to attempt this section　due to lack of time. It's a common reason of failure for many people that although they were able to score exceptionally good in other sections but they were unable to even attempt general awareness.　So attempt general awareness first!!

General awareness cannot be prepared in a single day. It has to be done daily for some time.　Make it a habit to keep you updated. If done properly, you'll surely gain a deciding edge over competitors and will easily pass through. So the preparation should be started well in advance.　 

Postal Assistant GK Syllabus (25 marks).

General Knowledge - Questions on current events, Sports, History, Geography, Basic economics, General politics, Indian Constitution, Science environment etc (25 marks).

Questions in this component will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of every day observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining

Current Events and Sports:

There is always something happening in this bloody big　world　so it’s not easy to stay updated with all the latest affairs all the time. We need to strategize our plan of action to prepare it accordingly; otherwise it will be tough nut to break for sure. In every second some issues are happening around the world in these sectors, and to accumulate the excerpt of some highlighted news, and memorize it is a good plan to prepare current affairs and GK.

So, how to prepare the current affairs? 

Go to Govt. library, read Daily News Paper (The Hindu, Indian Express or The Times of India) whatever competitive magazine you get (CST, Pratiyoigta Kiran / Darphan, Chronicle, Wizard) and note down important names/details

But keep in mind that all such magazines provide too many details/ball by ball commentary – you just need to maintain a brief MS word file / Dairy or containing important events/names/awards/mascots/venues only. Otherwise it’ll become very difficult to revise entire content from original source on the night before the exam.

Many of us are always confused about following questions:

Which newspaper to read? , Which books or magazines to read?

Is monthly magazines are enough?, and most important How to read newspaper ?

Before going to read any book, magazine or newspaper, it is most important to collect previous year papers of all Circles and make your own analysis that what type of questions are being asked. It is must before any study plan.

Because the local newspapers give　only　the "hot-shot" news of politics, cricket and Bollywood and exams are not asking much about it. So i prefer　"The Hindu". If not possible then Indian Express.

Following things are extremely important to read in newspaper

Recent developments in the field of　Science and Technology　like satellite launches, vaccine development, defence deals, new diseases, Computers, Hybrid Seeds, Solar Energy etc 

Environmental issues　are given high importance and developments like important summits and their outcomes, global　warming, carbon dump, carbon trading, environment-affecting projects like Dams, nuclear plants (Kudankulam protests), pollution should be regularly looked into. 

In　Polity, important　judgments　of social or national or economic importance should be　regularly　tracked. Nirbhaya Chattam, Food Safety bill etc

Keeping track of all the important　economic data　like growth rate, inflation, exports and imports, as well as current　economic issues like slowdown, global economic crisis, FDI in retail, RBI policy, big players and the companies owned by them, PSU's activity –its heads, Govt.'s policies, budget etc

Sports　events like tennis grand slams, cricket, Indian achievements in Olympics, world cup’s etc. Remember to go beyond cricket and read about other sports as well.

Awards and honours　from within India as well as from outside India like Magsaysay awards, Khel Ratna, Nobel Prizesand so on. Winners of Booker, Pulitzer, Miss World / Miss Universe. 

Persons in news　those that might have received some honor, or have invented something or achieved a personal feat of social value etc. Foreign Prez /PM; chief guest of 26^{th　Jan. Parade, Indian diaspora} – especially in USA, chiefs of army-navy-air force, supreme court, various national bodies etc

International Affairs / Important office Holders of World Organizations, OPEC,ASEAN,SAARC etc- if they're meeting then note down where they met and what points did they discuss? Indian Army Exercise with China/US etc

Administration: Administrative reforms, E-gov etc. 

Government schemes (NPS, NREGA- and editorials related to it-good things, bad things)

Education related- Deemed univ etc.

How to Prepare for History

What to prepare from History: Major preparation should be done from Medieval India to freedom of India. As per my opinion it is better to concentrate on Modern Indian History

While studying don´t overload your mind by memorizing dates. Questions will be asked from major events and major persons. As every person has limited amount of memorizing capacity, you will have to forget something for something new. So use your memory smartly.

Try to understand and co-relate the events in Indian History and try to make relationship with your life.　Its　your duty to create memory link up with the events.

For Indian history and culture refer NCERT books from class 7 to 10, Indian history (Arihant) or lucent G.k etc.

Medieval Indian History:

1. Important Wars (who fought with whom, when and what was the result + some of them are from ‘modern history’)

Two Tarai battles, Three Panipat battles, Three Anglo Maratha wars, three Anglo-French wars, Two Anglo-Sikh wars, Plassey, Buxar, Bedera, Burmese, Afghan

2. Delhi Sultanate: Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, Balban , Alauddin Khilji and his policies, Mohd. Tuglaq and his speciality, Firoz Shah Tughlaq and his policy, Sikandar Lodhi, Ibrahim Lodhi.

3. Mughal and their policy / work/ constructions, Babar, Humayun,Sher Shah (although not a Mughal), Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurungzeb

4. Maratha: Shivaji, his administration and the three Anglo Maratha wars

5. Culture: South India Temple and features: Gopuram, Garbhagriha, Hoysala temple etc.

6. Poets-patron kings, main books, Mosques, tombs, gates, forts etc.: where are they located and who built them?

7.Travelers (incl. Ancient) + envoys: mainly Megasthenes, Fa-Hien, Al-Baruni, Huien Tsang, Marco Polo, Ibn Batuta, Nicolo Conti, Wiliam Hawkins, Thoms Roe, Tavernier, Bernier.

8. Religion: Bhakti saints, Sufi Saints particularly Khwaja Muinuddin Chisty, Sikhism, Gurus particularly Nanak, Arjan Dev and Gobind Singh

Modern Indian History

1.Entry of Europeans: where did they setup factory and under whose rule? + their conflicts with Native rules (e.g Siraz-ud daula, Tipu Sultan)

2.Important Gov.Gen/Viceroys and their policies ,

Hastings, Cornwallis, Wellesley, Bentick, Metcalfe; Aukland; Hardinge (each of them only did 1 or 2 imp things), Canning, Mayo, Lytton, Ripon, Landsdown. Curzon, Minto, Chelmsford

The Viceroys after Chelmsford should be prepared with focus on how they handled Gandhi and Partition of India:

Irwin, Willingdon, Linlithgow, Wavell, Mountbatten,C. Rajagopalachari (only the fact that he was 1st　and last Indian governor general of free India)

3.Revolts :     1857

Peasant revolts and their leaders+reasons: mainly Indigo, Deccan, Ramosi, Chamran, Kheda, Moplah, Tebhaga, Telengana and Eka

Tribal revolts and leaders+reasons: mainly Rampa, Munda, Naga and Tana Bhagat.

Others mainly Sanyasi, Pagal Panthi and Kuka

4.Culture:
Books and authors (Dadabhai, RC Dutt, Gandhi, Bankim etc)

Newspaper-language-owner 

various org. and their founders: Mainly Brahmo, Sadharan Brahmo, Namdhari, Radha Swami, Arya Samaj, Prarthana, Deccan Edu., Theosophical, Ramkrishan Mission, Servents of India, Purna Seva Sadan, Satya Sodhak, Aravipuram, Justice party, Bahishkrit Hitkarini, Self-Respect, Harijan Sevak, Derozio, Tattvabodhini, Wahabi, DEoband, Aligarh,

Reformers: Roy, Vivekanand, Sahjanand, Saraswati, Kesab Chandra etc.

Education reform: Hunter, Sadler, Macaulay and Sargeant

5.Freedom Struggle :

Congress, GK related to Congress Sessions: prominent chairmen, resolution etc.

Moderate, Extremist and their leader, Surat Split

Swaraj Party, Nehru Report.

Congress Ministries vs Muslim League

Revolutionaries: org.-leaders-members and conspiracy-cases + INA and its trials + RIN munity 

Home Rule Besant and Tilak and Lucknow Pact

6. Gandhi:

Champaran, A’bad, Kheda;NCM, Khilafat, CDM, QIM

Gandhi-Irwin, Gandhi-Amebedkar, Gandhi-Bose

Reforms:　Morley Minto; Montague-Chelmsford

Thuggary:　Rowlett, Jalliyanwala, Simon, RTC, Communal award

Acts:　1909, 1919, 1935 and 1947;

Partition related: Linlithgow offer, Wavell plan, Cabinet Mission , Cripps Mission.

Geography:

Most of the questions will be from Indian Geography. So don´t prepare for world Geography.

Use NCERT books for proper concept　building　and finally use LUCENT GK for　quick revision of facts.

Indian Geography

1. Some Geographical Facts of India

Climatic conditions in India- Major Seasons of India

2. Major Solis of India- Forest types and their distribution

3. Mountain, Plateaus, DesertsWhich states do they cover (e.g Khasi-Garo-Jantia hills)highest peaks.

Mountain passes (Nathu-la etc.)

Which of them are young mountain/fold mountain etc.?
4. Rivers / Lakes / WaterfallsWhere do they start? , Which states do they cover?In which sea do they end?, list of their tributaries

Any water fall?, Any dams? If yes then which states get benefit from it?

Any national inland waterway on them?, Major Lakes, Reservoirs
5. States:

Administrative, CENSUS-2011　related GK (highest-lowest in literacy, sex ratio etc.) + State with maximum ST population in absolute numbers and in percentages. etc.

State capitals (especially for North East); where is state high court; in case of UT/islands which HC has jurisdiction (under polity), do they come under 5th　or 6th　schedule (under polity)

 border: with neighboring states and countries; state with largest area, longest coastline, max no. of district

 Soil-crop-cropping seasons – Agriculture Pattern- Major producers of crops

 Trade and Transport- Major Highways of India- Railway Zones

6.Mines/minerals (only the very prominent names. don’t go in all details)

7.Famous industrial / handicraft cities

8. Towns of export excellence (especially those recently added)

If it is a costal state: name of major ports?Any famous airport?

National highway: shortest and longest9.CultureAny important fairs / cultural events-dances/festivals?

Famous tourist places hill stations, temples, monuments, mosques, minar, caves etc?

Any sites included in UNESCO world heritage list? (use google)

Environment, Any biodiversity hotspot?

Any famous wildlife parks / sanctuaries?

Any rare species found?   Any place famous for migratory birds?

Physical Geography:

Universe: basics of planets-their moons, asteroid, comet, stars etc. (just do high school level coverage, don’t put lot of time here on individual planet)

Layers of atmosphere: their sequence, uses (Ionosphere, stratosphere etc)

Layers of earth-core, SIAL, SIMA, discontinuity.

Main terms associated with volcanos and earthquakes

Longitude, latitude, timezone, coriolls effect.

Climate: how altitude, distance from sea affect temp.; axis-tilt-seasons-day n night; albedo, ozone, aurora

Types of soils and rocks- what crops/minerals do they have

 Major Grasslands of the world / Deserts/ Lakes / Waterfalls/ straits

Polity: 

Advantage of Polity Section in General Studies-Getting all correct answer in polity is not that hard as getting the same in History/Geography / Current Affairs because most of the data follows a logical pattern. So revise it a lot and make polity your strong point for G.S.

Important Topics to Prepare in Polity.

History of Constitution, Constitutional developments, Preamble, Barrowed features of Constitution,

Articles- you don’t have to remember all articles numbers in Constitution – but only imp articles numbers- like appointment, powers and removal of things (like President), budget , parliament etc. 

Schedules of Constitution, the Union & its territory, Citizenship

Fundamental Rights: This is considered as the most important aspect of our constitution. Go through all the Fundamental Rights (FR) many times over until you grasp the essence of each FR. Also try to remember which article corresponds to which FR and what the provisions are therein. 

Directive Principles: After the FR’s these are a very important part of the Constitution and you should try to remember the main provisions of the important DPSP’s by heart. This does not mean rote the exact sentences; rather know what the article is about. For instance Article 44 talks about a Uniform Civil Code across the territory of India.

The Union Executive, The Council of Ministers, Prime Minister, The Comptroller and Auditor General　of India, Union Legislature (Parliament), Centre - State Relations,

Judiciary- Supreme court/High court jurisdiction and writs

Public Service Commissions, Elections, Emergency Provisions and Amendment of the Constitution: Each of these chapters is again very important. 

Amendments and Schedules: You should know the important amendments of the constitution, the year in which the Act was passed along with their important provisions. The two most important amendment acts are the 42nd and 44th passed in 1976 and 1978 respectively.

73rd and 74th amendments implementation, welfare provisions for SC/ST/OBC, Human rights/women/minorities SC/ST commissions and SC/ST atrocities act.

Special status of Jammu & Kashmir, National　Human Rights Commission, National　Symbols, Chief Election Commissioners　of India, Reorganization of States, Prime Ministers　of India, Chief Justices　of India, Speakers of Lok Sabha, Women CM's　of India, Women Governors in India, Finance Commissions　of India

The importance of Nirbaya Chattam and food ordinance. 

The importance of newly appointments like C&AG, Election Commission, Supreme court Chief Justice, Uppsc, Appsc Chairmen,…etc

Use "Comparative Reading" Example　when you read polity — do it in following routine

Read President — then read governor

Read PM, then read CM

Parliament and then State Legislature

Supreme Court and then High court and so on.

Science and Technology:

By the Science questions, your basic Ability to solve Science related general questions and your awareness with the development of the day to day life based on science are judged and to check how accurately you can apply your knowledge of science in the practical life. For this you need not to do any special study on Science, neither need you to have a Science background. Questions are generally on the School level. You need to polish up your School level Science. Studying and practicing the NCERT school books from class 6 to class 10 is very helpful.

Best way to Prepare General science is to refer NCERT science books from class 7 to 10.you can also buy Lucent's General science.

Biology:

Cell structure, living organisms classification, life processes of plants and animals (nutrition, digestion, respiration, circulatory system, blood, excretion), control & coordination(nervous system, eyes, ears),endocrine system & reproduction, digestive enzymes, hormones, vitamins, infectious diseases, natural resources management(air, water, soil pollution, wetlands, forestry, wildlife)applications of biology(plant breeding, animal breeding, pesticides, bio fertilisers, biotechnology, stem cells),Institutions of National importance.

Chemistry:

 

Physical and chemical changes, Atoms and molecules, Acids, bases and salts, metals and non metals, fibers, periodic table classification ,carbon compounds(hydrocarbons, polymers),bio molecules(carbohydrates, proteins, fats),nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, breeder reactors, metallurgy.

All the above topics are the areas one need to look into but the scope of questions in exam may or may not be limited to above topics.

Physics:

 

Force & pressure, Friction, gravitation, solar system, mechanics(newton laws, centripetal, centrifugal forces, projectiles, angle of banking, potential & kinetic energy),liquids(capillarity, surface tension, viscosity),Sound, Heat, light, Electricity, Magnetism, satellites, modern physics (atomic energy, radio activity, cosmic, x rays, visible spectrum. 

Major scientific Institutions in India and their specialisation, Scientific Instruments and their uses, Scientific Measures

 

Space programme in India and its applications with special reference to industry, agriculture and other rural development activities, INSAT, IRS system..etc, Space Research and News from India, Space Programme in India AND Nuclear Research in India　, Indian Satellites, Launch Vehicles, and Other Space Programmes since 1975:-

Nuclear research and developments in India, Missile system in India, Indian Defence Structure & Weapons, Overview of Indian Defence Structure.

Economy:

What to study in economy?

GDP/GNP/NNP/ Inflation, Budget Process, RBI Policies, Agricultural subsidies, PDS, Food Security, social and poverty alleviation programs.

To observe the importance of Budget, Sebi, Imf, World bank, Employment, Banking, Sensex, Expenditure, Central plans, Receipts…etc

The importance of Central plans, 12th Plan..etc

And mainly candidates to concentrate the importance details of Banking Sector, Central / State Income Tax details, Budget concept..etc

The importance of Current affairs, Exports/Imports, value of Rupee details…etc

Sports: 
 
Can be classified into

Static: Who started Modern-Olympics, how many rings, what colors, how many games etc.

Various terms associated with individual sport, various trophies, Grounds located

For team based sports: no. of players in each team, length and width of ground, time limits etc.

Current

Grand slams- who defeated whom

Cricket: world cup, t-20, under-19 and women’s world cups: who defeated whom in the final match and where was it hosted?; ICC cricketer of the year

Athletics: venues, mascots, winners for

Olympics (summer and winter)

National games, Asiad, Commonwealth

Hockey, Boxing, shooting, wrestling, Badminton, Billiard, Golf, football and chess: main tournament and who won + if any Indian participated.

The importance of Current affairs, Exports/Imports, value of Rupee details…etc

Awards: Rajiv Gandhi khel ratna, Dronacharya, Arjun; ICC cricketer of the year; golden boot for football etc

Summary: 

In the　daytime, read for general awareness, in the　night after dinner,practice aptitude. Because after dinner, body starts feeling sleepy and brain starts losing concentration. But if you’re moving your hand (by writing the Maths /reasoning sums),then brain has to concentrate. 

Revision is essential　for General awareness. Whatever you read – keep a target of revising it multiple times. Otherwise, you won’t be able to recall the exact details in the exam.

 

Don’t waste time　in day-dreaming, face book, random net surfing, chatting, TV, cricket, weddings of distant relatives/college batch mates etc.　Time-pass activities will always be there, but once you cross the age-limit, there is no restart button. (This rule applies to all competitive exams.).